Water-based formulae, often stabilised by ammonia, are also available. Many special compositions include hardeners and/or vulcanizing agents designed to improve the cohesion of the rubber. In the United Kingdom, a product called Marabu-Fixogum uses acetone, while a product called Copydex uses ammonia. In the United States, current formulations include n-heptane. A small percentage of alcohol is often added to the mix. Early solvents used included chloroform and benzene. The rubbers used might be natural rubber, gum mastic or gum arabic. Almost any rubber (pre- vulcanized or not) can be used. When the cement is applied, the solvent evaporates, leaving the rubber as the adhesive. Rubber cement is simply a mixture of solid rubber in a volatile solvent that will dissolve it.
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